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141:		Title:	Development of the Regional Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) model: surface boundary conditions.
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) is the climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, incorporating all WRF functionalities for numerical weather predictions while enhancing the capability for climate applications. This report focuses on the construction and implementation of surface boundary conditions (SBCs) specifically designed for CWRF mesoscale modeling applications. The primary SBCs include surface topography (mean elevation, slope, curvature, and their standard deviations); bedrock, lakebed, or seafloor depth; soil sand, and clay fraction profiles; surface albedo localization factor; bottom soil temperature; surface characteristic identification; land cover category; fractional vegetation cover; leaf and stem area index; sea surface temperature, salinity, and current; and sea temperature and salinity profiles. They are currently presented in a CWRF domain suitable for the U.S applications at 30-kilometer spacing. The raw data sources and processing procedures, however, are elaborated in detail, by which the SBCs can be readily constructed for any specific CWRF domain anywhere in the world. For a specific field, alternative data sources, if available, were compared to quantify uncertainties and suggest the choice or improvement.
		Date Created:	2 8 2005
		Agency ID:	SR-2005-01
		ISL ID:	000000000950 Original UID: 999999994441 FIRST WORD: Development

142:		Title:	Arsenic in groundwater in central Illinois.
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	In October 2003, Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) scientists collected water samples from 70 shallow domestic and industrial wells in Kane County for analysis of groundwater quality. The primary objectives were to provide a 'snapshot' of water quality in these shallow aquifers and compare water quality from different parts of Kane County, especially the eastern urban corridor and the western rural region.
		Date Created:	4 29 2005
		Agency ID:	IEM-2005-02
		ISL ID:	000000000951 Original UID: 999999994448 FIRST WORD: Arsenic

143:		Title:	Shallow groundwater quality sampling in Kane County, October 2003.
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	In October 2003, Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) scientists collected water samples from 70 shallow domestic and industrial wells in Kane County for analysis of groundwater quality. The primary objectives were to provide a 'snapshot' of water quality in these shallow aquifers and compare water quality from different parts of Kane County, especially the eastern urban corridor and the western rural region.
		Date Created:	4 29 2005
		Agency ID:	IEM-2005-01
		ISL ID:	000000000952 Original UID: 999999994450 FIRST WORD: Shallow

144:		Title:	Phase I: Diagnostic study of Lake Vermilion, Vermilion County, Illinois.
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Consumers Illinois Water Company applied for and received a grant to conduct a diagnostic-feasibility study on Lake Vermilion commencing in May 2000. Lake Vermilion is a 878-acre public lake that serves as the public water-supply source for the City of Danville and surrounding communities in Vermilion County, Illinois. The lake is located in the Second Principle Meridian, Township 20N, Range 11W, Section 31 one mile northwest of the City of Danville. Lake Vermilion has a maximum depth of 21.8 feet, a mean depth of 9.1 feet, a shoreline length of 14.3 miles, and an average retention time of 0.042 years. The Lake Vermilion watershed, including the lake surface area, is 190,720 acres or 298 square miles. The main inflow tributarary is the North Fork of the Vermilion River. The diagnostic study was designed to delineate the existing lake conditions, to examine the causes of degradation, if any, and to identify and quantity the sources of plant nutrients and any other pollutants flowing into the lake. On the basis of the findings of the diagnostic study, water quality goals will be established for the lake and a restoration feasibility study will be conducted by Cochran and Wilken, Inc. of Springfield. Under the feasibility study, alternative management techniques will be evaluated in relation to the established management goals.
		Date Created:	4 19 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2005-10
		ISL ID:	000000000953 Original UID: 999999994458 FIRST WORD: Phase

145:		Title:	Monitoring mercury deposition: a key to understanding the link between emissions and effects
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This publication provides an Introduction to the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), which is the mercury wet-deposition monitoring arm of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). The NADP is a cooperative monitoring program comprised of federal and state agencies, academic institutions, Native American tribal governments, and private organizations. The work of MDN is descibed, as is the danger of mercury to humans. Readers are encouraged to join MDN.
		Date Created:	12 22 2005
		Agency ID:	IEM-2005-03
		ISL ID:	000000000954 Original UID: 999999994475 FIRST WORD: Monitoring

146:		Title:	Drought planning for small community water systems.
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The provision of adequate and secure supplies of clean water at reasonable cost is a cornerstone of social and economic development and national security. Major droughts have occurred in the past and will occur again in the future. Such droughts have two major impacts on small community water systems: water supply is reduced (surface waters and shallow groundwater) and water demand increases. The combination of these impacts can result in major stresses on the ability of water systems to meet demand. Many Western states have experienced widespread and severe economic and environmental impacts of 'worst-case' droughts in recent years, and have recognized from these experiences the importance of improved water-supply planning and management, including drought preparedness. However, it is probable that many system managers in the Midwest Technology Assistance Center (MTAC) region have not evaluated their capability to meet water demand during major droughts, nor have in place adequate plans to deal with such emergencies. The MTAC region incorporates the 10 states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
		Date Created:	2 21 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2006-01
		ISL ID:	000000000955 Original UID: 999999994476 FIRST WORD: Drought

147:		Title:	Continued operation of a 25-raingage network for collection, reduction, and analysis of precipitation data for Lake Michigan diversion accounting: water year 2005.
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation measurements for use in simulating runoff for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction and quality control methodology, a comparison of rainfall amounts obtained via analog chart and data logger, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2005 (October 2004 - September 2005). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2005 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2005 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-2004, and 3) the 16-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2005. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals.
		Date Created:	3 10 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2006-02
		ISL ID:	000000000956 Original UID: 999999994477 FIRST WORD: Continued

148:		Title:	Hydrology, nutrient, and sediment monitoring for Hurricane and Kickapoo Creek watersheds: Water Year 2000-2002: Pilot watershed program.
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Hurricane and Kickapoo Creek watersheds lie in three counties in southeastern Illinois. The drainage areas of Hurricane Creek and Kickapoo Creek at their confluences with the Embarras River are 56 and 101 square miles, respectively. Hurricane Creek joins the Embarras River at river mile 94.2 and has two tributaries: East and West Branch Hurricane Creek. The Kickapoo Creek is also a tributary of the Embarras River at river mile 115.5. The Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) conducted a 2.5-year watershed monitoring study of the Hurricane and Kickapoo Creek watersheds for the Embarras River Ecosystem Partnership-Conservation 2000 Ecosystem Program and Illinois Department of Natural Resources Pilot Watershed Program. The purpose was to collect hydrologic and water quality data to provide a better understanding of the cumulative impacts of future best management practices (BMPs) implemented in the watersheds. However, the BMP implementation programs never occurred. The ISWS established two streamgaging stations on Hurricane Creek and one on Kickapoo Creek. Streamflow, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus were monitored for the entire study period (April 2000-September 2002). The Mattoon wastewater treatment plant contributes approximately 27 percent of the annual discharge at the Kickapoo Creek station. Annual runoff was much higher at all stations in Water Year 2002 (WY02) than in the preceding 1.5 years. Annual sediment loads in WY02 were twice the loads in WY00 and WY01. The Kickapoo station had higher mean annual nitrate concentrations and load per unit area than the two Hurricane stations.
		Date Created:	8 30 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2006-03
		ISL ID:	000000000957 Original UID: 999999994478 FIRST WORD: Hydrology,

149:		Title:	High-throughput computing for the analysis of tracer tests in fractured aquifers.
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Traditional approaches to characterization and modeling of fractured dolomite aquifers face many conceptual and technical challenges. One alternative strategy begins with the Generalized Radial Flow interpretation of hydraulic tests, which infers an additional parameter, the flow dimension, to describe the geometry of groundwater flow. This study examines the behavior and variability of the apparent flow dimension, n, and advective transport for four stochastic models of heterogeneous transmissivity, T(x). This is accomplished through Monte Carlo analysis of numerical models simulating aquifer tests and converging flow tracer tests (CFTTs) in two-dimensional systems. For ln T(x) distributed as a multivariate Gaussian (mvG) variable of variance less than one, the apparent flow dimension of an aquifer test converges to n = 2 if the scale of the test is large relative to the scale of correlation. The variability of the apparent flow dimension depends on the variance and integral scale of the transmissivity, suggesting that it may be possible to identify the variance and integral scale from a set of aquifer tests. For variances greater than one, the results suggest that the average of the apparent flow dimension is less than two initially, then converges to n* = 2, similar in some respects to a percolation network. The simulation of an uncorrelated log-Gaussian model suggests that the flow dimension of an aquifer test converges to n* = 2 even for large variances. For ln T(x) distributed as fractional Brownian motion (fBm), the apparent flow dimension averages to n* = 2 and its variability increases with time. An approximation of a percolation network model showed an average apparent flow dimension stabilizing between n* = 1.4 to 1.6, followed by an increasing trend. These characteristics apparently are functions of the transmissivity contrast between the percolating and nonpercolating fractions. In the low-variance mvG, uncorrelated log-Gaussian, and fBm models, CFTTs influenced by matrix diffusion showed late-time breakthrough curves (BTCs) with log-log slopes of -3/2, the characteristic behavior of matrix diffusion. In the percolation network model, a simulated CFTT influenced by matrix diffusion had late-time BTC with log-log slopes of -5/4, attributed to slow advection through low transmissivity regions. This indicates that some heterogeneity models can systematically affect the late-time behavior of a BTC for a CFTT. These results suggest that the flow dimension may be a useful diagnostic for selecting models of heterogeneity, and that flow dimensions n ? 2 may be associated with unique tracer behavior. Additional research is advocated to infer the general behavior of the flow dimension at various field sites, to assess a broader range of parameters, to examine other stochastic models, and to conduct a more detailed examination of transport behavior versus the flow dimension.
		Date Created:	4 13 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2006-04
		ISL ID:	000000000958 Original UID: 999999994479 FIRST WORD: High

150:		Title:	Illinois' statewide monitoring well network for pesticides in shallow groundwater: network development and initial sampling results
		Volume/Number:	2005
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	A key element of the Illinois Generic Management Plan for Pesticides in Groundwater was the use of a statewide map of aquifer sensitivity to contamination by pesticide leaching. This map included soil properties (hydraulic conductivity, the amount of organic matter within individual soil layers, and drainage class) from a digital soil association map and hydrogeologic properties to a depth of 50 feet. The map displayed six mapped units or levels of aquifer sensitivity, and each map unit was subdivided into two map subunits. Each subunit had a distinct combination of soil and hydrogeologic properties. Prior to the implementation of the Generic Plan, the statewide map was tested by sampling shallow groundwater for pesticides from a dedicated monitoring well network. To test this mapping strategy efficiently, a stratified random sampling plan was adopted that focused on the three most sensitive map units. Project goals were to provide data to test the utility of the aquifer sensitivity map to predict pesticide occurrence and to understand pesticide occurrence in shallow groundwater. All monitoring wells were located near agricultural production fields (most within 10 feet of corn and soybean fields) where the only known source of pesticides were those pesticides used in normal agricultural production. Most studies of pesticide contamination covering a broad geographic area sample water-supply wells, and this study using monitoring wells was designed to generate data that might provide a unique perspective on the occurrence of pesticides in shallow groundwater. Prior to the completion of the entire monitoring network, a one-time sampling program of monitoring wells was conducted to assess the distribution of pesticide occurrence across the various units of aquifer sensitivity, and a time-series sampling program was conducted to assess the temporal variability of pesticides in shallow groundwater. For the one-time sampling program, 159 samples were collected from 159 wells from September 1998 through February 2001. For the time-series sampling program, 215 samples were collected from 21 wells from October 1997 through July 2000. These groundwater samples were analyzed for 14 pesticides but no pesticide degradates. In addition, groundwater samples were collected to characterize cations and anions, including nitrate-nitrogen. Data from these initial sampling programs showed that pesticides were detected in 16 to 18% of the samples. Atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide, followed by metolachlor, butylate, and bromacil. Only one sample had a concentration of a pesticide (atrazine) that exceeded a federal drinking water standard. Most detections were at concentrations less than 1 g/L. Pesticide occurrence was generally dependent on sampling time. The strongest temporal relationship was between post-application (June through October) versus other time frames (November through May). Pesticide occurrence during post-application months was three times higher than during other months. Pesticide occurrence was three times more common in samples when the depth to aquifer material was mapped as less than 20 feet than when the depth to aquifer material was mapped as 20 to 50 feet. Thus, pesticide occurrence was found to be dependent on depth to uppermost aquifer material or the hydrogeologic factor of the tested map. Pesticide occurrence was not dependent on the combined soil and hydrogeologic factors of the tested map. Thus, the new map was not a useful predictor of pesticide occurrence. The median and range of anion and cation concentrations for both sampling programs were similar, except for nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. The median nitrate-nitrogen concentrations for both programs differed slightly, but were less than 3.0 mg/L, which is well below the 10 mg/L maximum contaminant level for nitrate-nitrogen. The nitrate and sulfate concentrations were not uniform across the six subunits. Based on the neural network analysis of the one-time sampling data, the time of sample collection and well depth appeared to be the best parameters for predicting pesticide concentration. Depth to uppermost aquifer material and depth to water also were significant. Aquifer sensitivity to contamination and pesticide leaching class values were not able to predict contamination potential independently; however, their presence with other input parameters improved the prediction of contamination by the neural network analysis.
		Date Created:	1 24 2006
		Agency ID:	COOP-20
		ISL ID:	000000000959 Original UID: 999999994473 FIRST WORD: Illinois'

151:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 2002-2003: Reaching Out to Illinois and the World...
		Volume/Number:	2003
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. The Annual Report for 2002-2003 contains the following information: From the Chief's Desk, Achievements, Water Survey Staff at Work, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Groundwater Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Adjunct and Emeritus Appointments, Water Survey Contacts and Financial Statement, FY 03
		Date Created:	11 17 2003
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001451 Original UID: 1377 FIRST WORD: Illinois

152:		Title:	Continued operation of a raingage network for collection, reduction, and analysis of precipitation data for Lake Michigan diversion accounting
		Volume/Number:
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This record links to the reports on the dense raingage network, which has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting.
		Date Created:
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001481 Original UID: NA for serial records FIRST WORD: Continued

153:		Title:	Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois
		Volume/Number:
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	These are reports of the scientific survey and analysis of Illinois water resources.
		Date Created:
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001482 Original UID: NA for serial records FIRST WORD: Chemical

154:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 2003-2004: The Water Budget for Illinois: Water as an Integrated System
		Volume/Number:	2004
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. The Annual Report for 2003-2004 contains the following information: From the Chief's Desk, ISWS and Chinese Scientists Collaborate on Modeling, Board of Natural, Resources and Conservation, Water Survey Staff at Work, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Groundwater Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Water Survey Contacts, Adjunct and Emeritus Appointments, Financial Statement, FY 04
		Date Created:	12 29 2004
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001498 Original UID: 1424 FIRST WORD: Illinois

155:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 2001-2002
		Volume/Number:	2002
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. Annual Report 2001-2002 contains the following information: From the Chief's Desk, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Groundwater Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Adjunct and Emeritus Appointments, Water Survey Contacts and Financial Statement, FY 02
		Date Created:	11 21 2002
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001499 Original UID: 1425 FIRST WORD: Illinois

156:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 2000-2001
		Volume/Number:	2001
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. Annual Report 2000-2001 contains the following information: From the Chief's Desk, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Groundwater Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Adjunct and Emeritus Appointments, Water Survey Contacts and Financial Statement, FY 01
		Date Created:	11 28 2001
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001500 Original UID: 1426 FIRST WORD: Illinois

157:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 1999-2000: Future of Illinois Waters . . .
		Volume/Number:	2000
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. Annual report 1999-2000 contains the following information: From the Chief's Desk, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Ground-Water Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Adjunct and Emeritus Appointments, Water Survey Contacts and Financial Statement, FY 00
		Date Created:	12 04 2000
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001503 Original UID: 1429 FIRST WORD: Illinois

158:		Title:	Illinois State Water Survey Annual Report 1998-1999: What a Difference We Make . . .
		Volume/Number:	1999
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois State Water survey provides reliable data to help ensure safe drinking water and water for industry, navigation, and waste management. Annual report 1998-1999 contains the following information: Introduction, Office of the Chief, Analytical Chemistry and Technology Unit, Atmospheric Environment Section, Ground-Water Section, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Watershed Science Section, Publications by Water Survey Staff, Honors, Water Survey Contacts and Financial Statement, FY99
		Date Created:	11 03 1999
		Agency ID:
		ISL ID:	000000001577 Original UID: 1518 FIRST WORD: Illinois

159:		Title:	An Analysis of Groundwater Use to Aquifer Potential Yield in Illinois
		Volume/Number:
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This Illinois State Water Survey report summarizes a comparison of Year 2000 groundwater withdrawals against estimated aquifer potential yields on a township basis.
		Date Created:	12 24 2003
		Agency ID:	Contract Report 2004-11
		ISL ID:	000000001825 Original UID: 1775 FIRST WORD: An

160:		Title:	Climate of Illinois and Central United States: Comparison of Model Simulations of the Current Climate, Comparison of Model Sensitivity to Enhanced Greenhouse Gas Forcing, and Regional Climate Model Simulations
		Volume/Number:
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Illinois State Water Survey presents a diagnostic analysis of climate model data examining precipitation, surface air temperature, and related atmospheric features for Illinois and the central United States.
		Date Created:	02 06 2004
		Agency ID:	Contract Report 2004-12.
		ISL ID:	000000001909 Original UID: 1776 FIRST WORD: Climate

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