The Illinois State Library : Electronic Documents of Illinois : Search

Search results for

Search: Illinois State Water Survey in Organization [X]	RSS
Results: 360 Items
Sorted by:	Page: Prev ... 11 12 13 14 15 ... Next

221:		Title:	Effect of Stratton Dam operation on flood control along the Fox River and Fox Chain of Lakes
		Volume/Number:	1992
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The purpose of this study was to use models to simulate the effect of the Stratton Dam operation, and possible structural modifications such as the addition of Foster gates, on flood stages and discharges in the Fox River and the Fox Chain of Lakes. The hydraulics and hydrology of Stratton Dam, the Fox River, and the Chain of Lakes were simulated for a wide range of historical flooding conditions and potential operation schemes. Responses for many different major flood conditions were analyzed, but two particular aspects of flood control were given special attention: 1) increasing outflow from the lakes in anticipation of a major flood, and 2) facilitating the flow release of the lakes by adding Foster gates at Stratton Dam and downstream at Algonquin Dam. This information will provide the IDOT-DWR with information for implementing possible modifications to the Stratton Dam operation during flood conditions.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-533
		ISL ID:	000000000794 Original UID: 999999993570 FIRST WORD: Effect

222:		Title:	Effective discharges of Illinois streams
		Volume/Number:	2002
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The hydrologic regime of a natural stream is usually highly complex and encompasses a wide range of discharges. The magnitudes and frequencies at which the various discharges occur play a key role in creating the channel's morphology. The concept of 'dominant discharge' proposes that there exists a single steady discharge that, theoretically, if constantly maintained in a stream over a long period of time would form and maintain the same basic stable channel dimensions as those produced by the long-term natural hydrograph. This theoretical discharge is referred to as a stream's dominant discharge. If such a dominant discharge exists and can be accurately calculated, this discharge can be one of the tools that stream restoration personnel use to help design channels that are morphologically stable, i.e., not experiencing either excessive erosion or sediment deposition. There is no direct method to calculate a stream's dominant discharge, and stream researchers have commonly assumed that the dominant discharge can be equated with either the stream's bankfull discharge, a specific flood recurrence interval, or the stream's effective discharge. The purpose of this study is to analyze the available data and existing computational methods for the third approach, that being the estimation of effective discharges specific to Illinois streams. The effective discharge of a stream is defined as the single discharge rate that carries the most sediment over time. Note that the effective discharge is not typically a discharge associated with the most extreme flood events, which may carry large amounts of sediment load but occur infrequently. Instead it is commonly considered to be a moderately high discharge having a more modest load, but occurring frequently enough that in the long-run it carries more sediment than the extreme flood events. To facilitate computations, the effective discharge is estimated as occurring within a discharge class or increment, rather than as a single discharge. Effective discharge can be estimated using data on suspended sediment load, bed load, bed material, or total sediment load, with the method of estimation depending on the sediment transport characteristics of the stream, available data, and, to some degree, the researcher's school of thought. For this study, estimates of effective discharges are based on the suspended sediment load, which is the dominant load in most Illinois streams. Suspended sediment data collected at 88 gaging stations within Illinois were analyzed to determine which gaging stations in Illinois currently have sufficient suspended sediment data available to estimate effective discharges. A procedure was adapted from previous research and implemented to compute effective discharge values for each stream location having sufficient suspended sediment data. For each of those gaging stations, an estimate was made of the flow frequency at which the effective discharge was equaled or exceeded. For stations having adequate sediment data, flood recurrence intervals associated with effective discharge values were computed using annual maximum flow data. Correlation coefficients (r2) for 12 linear regressions are presented to describe the relationship between six effective discharge parameters and channel slope and watershed area. The data from 20 of the 88 gaging stations were deemed sufficient for computing effective discharge values. These 20 gaging stations were located on streams with watershed areas ranging from 244 to 6363 square miles (mi2). The relatively large watershed areas allow use of mean daily discharge values in computing effective discharge values. The annual maximum series analysis indicated that recurrence intervals associated with effective discharges found at these stations ranged from less than 1.01 years to 1.23 years. Such recurrence intervals are on the low end of the 1- to 3-year recurrence intervals commonly reported in other studies. However, these recurrence intervals are representative of Illinois' larger watersheds, and recurrence intervals of effective discharges in smaller Illinois watersheds could be quite different. Of the 20 qualified stations, 20 percent had effective discharge estimates that were less than the station's average mean daily discharge. Such low magnitude flow events are not usually associated with a stream's dominant discharge. Thus, geomorphic assessments and bankfull computations are required to further assess whether these and other effective discharge values are representative of the 20 individual streams' dominant discharges. Due to the small sample size, regression analyses relating specific effective discharge parameters to channel slope and watershed area were inconclusive. Effective discharge computations are particularly sensitive to how the sediment rating curve used in the computation is developed and the number of discharge classes used in the computation. The sampling frequency and duration over which the sediment samples used to create sediment rating curves also may influence effective discharge computations significantly. Thus, while stream restoration personnel will likely continue to use these and other effective discharge values as part of several tools in hydraulic and channel design applications, uncertainties in their use should be acknowledged and undue weight should not be assigned these values, as they cannot yet be expected to yield fully reliable results in applications. Like previous researchers, we recommend more comprehensive investigations that compare effective discharge estimates to bankfull discharges in combination with a geomorphic assessment of each stream's characteristics to yield a better understanding of whether currently computed effective discharge values adequately represent dominant discharges in Illinois. Suspended sediment represents the dominant sediment load in most Illinois streams. In some cases, effective discharge computations based on total loads or bed material loads may be more appropriate than using suspended sediment loads analyzed here. However, the bed load, bed material, bank material, local channel slope, and channel cross-section information required to perform these computations and analyses are almost nonexistent. While many of these data can be collected at selected stream locations, inherent difficulties in estimating bed loads in Illinois streams make this approach unfeasible. New technologies for sampling or estimating bed load most likely would need to be developed and tested. This analysis presents a comprehensive assessment of effective discharges based on the available suspended sediment and flow data in Illinois. Long-term sediment data sets are needed at more stream locations to more fully estimate and understand effective and dominant discharges in Illinois streams. The greatest need for additional data is for smaller watersheds less than approximately 200 mi2 because most potential applications of the effective discharge concept in stable channel design are for smaller watersheds. Smaller watersheds also may have significantly different geomorphic characteristics and effective discharges may behave differently than those in larger watersheds. The Illinois State Water Survey currently is measuring suspended sediment at gaging stations on 13 small watersheds, which could prove very useful in effective discharge analysis as longer data records become available at these sites.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-2002-10
		ISL ID:	000000000871 Original UID: 999999994348 FIRST WORD: Effective

223:		Title:	Effects of riparian tree management on flood conveyance study of Manning's Roughness in vegetated floodplains with an application on the Embarras River in Illinois
		Volume/Number:	2002
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Riparian forests have been proposed by the Technical Advisory Subcommittee of the Upper Embarras River Basin Commission in its alternatives for mitigating flood damages in the Village of Villa Grove and nearby farmlands. In order to evaluate potential reduction in flood stages in Villa Grove, methods for accounting for flow resistances induced by the riparian forests are needed in the hydraulic model for the Upper Embarras River. This project has been designed to better apply the available knowledge in practical field applications, particularly, how to evaluate the vegetal roughness in terms of Manning's andlt;EMandgt;nandlt;/EMandgt; coefficient for specified planting scenarios. Approaches presented in this report are literature review on Manning's roughness with emphasis on vegetative roughness, and evaluation and selection of methods for computing vegetative roughness due to riparian forests. The Petryk and Bosmajian (1975) method was selected for evaluating Manning's andlt;EMandgt;nandlt;/EMandgt; for mature trees because parameters could be reasonably obtained with available general field information. Using this approach, effects of riparian forest on floods were evaluated with the scenarios that the two-year floodplain has two densities of trees. The study reach was the channel between Villa Grove and Camargo. Also investigated were the options of having uniform tree density for the whole reach or half of the reach. An interface has been developed for implementing the computed andlt;EMandgt;nandlt;/EMandgt; values to a HEC-RAS hydraulic model, and capacity curves were developed to illustrate the effects on flood conveyance among these scenarios. The capacity curves thoroughly included possible boundary conditions and were presented in simple nomographs that relate discharge and downstream elevations to a specified flood elevation in Villa Grove. Therefore it was easier to evaluate the resulting effects of different alternatives.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-2002-02
		ISL ID:	000000000861 Original UID: 999999994341 FIRST WORD: Effects

224:		Title:	El Nino 1997-1998 in the Midwest
		Volume/Number:	2000
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	An anomalously warm El Nio event developed in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean during May-August 1997. El Nio events have become recognized as capable of having major effects on atmospheric circulation patterns over North America and elsewhere, leading to predictable outcomes for future seasonal weather conditions. The source of the nation's official long-range predictions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC), began issuing forecasts in May 1997 about the event's development and growth to near record proportions. The emerging El Nio was expected to match or exceed the El Nio of 1982-1983, the strongest of this century. Predictions of the future weather conditions expected over the nation, as a result of El Nio's influence on the atmosphere, also were issued by CPC beginning in June 1997. Basically, these and subsequent predictions called for a fall, winter, and early spring in the Midwest that would have above normal temperatures and below normal precipitation. The predictions also called for storms and precipitation to increase in other parts of the nation, particularly in the South and West Coast areas. Media and wide public interest in the evolving record event brought inquiries to the Midwestern Climate Center (MCC) during June 1997. At that time, MCC leadership launched special studies and efforts related to the El Nio event, which included: a climatological reanalysis of past El Nio events and the associated weather conditions in the Midwest, the issuance of outlooks based on these studies, and the collection and analysis of data on the impacts caused by the El Nio-generated weather conditions in the Midwest. This decision was in keeping with past MCC research policy that has focused on assessing extreme Midwestern weather conditions like the 1988 drought (Changnon, 1991a and b), the 1993 flood (Kunkel, 1996; Changnon, 1996), and the 1995 heat wave (Kunkel et al., 1996; Changnon et al., 1996). These studies also focused on identifying and quantifying the impacts of these extreme events. The findings of such activities help the MCC respond rapidly and accurately to numerous regional inquiries for data and information about such extreme events. They also help the MCC prepare for effectively addressing similar events in the future. During the El Nio event, beginning in June 1997 and ending in May 1998, the MCC scientists issued several climate outlooks about future Midwestern conditions. These were basically probabilistic-based statements and focused on the winter of 1997-1998, spring 1998, and summer 1998 outcomes. During the El Nio event, the MCC staff collected and recorded all the relevant weather data for the Midwest. Data defining the impacts of El Nio-generated weather events were collected from August 1997 through August 1998. This report presents information about MCC activities related to El Nio in 1997-1998. It includes three sections: the predictive outlooks issued, a climatic assessment of monthly and seasonal weather conditions during the event, and a description of societal and economic impacts caused in the Midwest. Recommendations are offered in the section "Conclusions and Recommendations" for addressing future El Nio events and the handling of long-range predictions.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	DCS-2000-01
		ISL ID:	000000000893 Original UID: 999999994304 FIRST WORD: El

225:		Title:	Embarras River watershed digital floodplain mapping, Champaign County, Illinois
		Volume/Number:	2002
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The project objective was to assimilate the best available data to prepare digital maps of critical riparian corridors and areas at risk of flooding for the upper Embarras River, East Branch Embarras River, and Black Slough in Champaign County. Hydrologic, hydraulic, and digital data defining streams and floodplains were reconciled with digital orthophotos of the Embarras watershed. Using orthophotos as base maps, digital data sets were prepared of streams and rivers and floodplain boundaries expected for a flood having a one percent chance of occurrence in any given year. These maps were developed to provide easy-to-interpret information that identifies areas at risk during flood events. The maps were developed using ESRI ArcGIS 8.1 software and are on the attached CD-ROM in ready-to-print PDF format. The CD-ROM format is compatible with Microsoft Windows Operating System Version 95 or later. The CD-ROM contains the HEC-RAS hydraulic model used to simulate flood elevations, digital coverages used to compose the maps, digital photos of bridge crossings and landscapes of the watershed, and this report. Graphs of channel thalweg and water surface profiles showing the depth of flooding for the biennial flood event (2-year flood) and the one-percent annual chance of occurrence flood (100-year flood) provide additional information.
		Date Created:	9 7 2005
		Agency ID:	CR-2002-05
		ISL ID:	000000000863 Original UID: 999999994343 FIRST WORD: Embarras

226:		Title:	Evaluation of the Illinois Streamflow Gaging Network
		Volume/Number:	2003
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois Streamflow Gaging Network has been operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since the early 1900s. From its inception, the operation of the network has been maintained through a cooperative partnership between the USGS and state and federal agencies. Hydrologic information provided by the network is vital for the general management of Illinois' water resources. Streamflow data are continually used for forecasting floods and droughts; assessing the biological and chemical health of our streams; operating reservoirs, water supply facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, and hydroelectric plants; assessing and predicting the long-term impacts of climate and land-use trends on our streams; and numerous other important uses. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the use of Illinois streamflow data, with the goal that this information and analysis will be used by the network's cooperating agencies and others for current and future decisions related to funding and content of the network. Evaluations such as this have been conducted in the past, and should continue to be conducted periodically to assess whether the network meets the data needs of users in an effective manner, to assess emerging needs, and to anticipate needed programmatic changes to the network. This report identifies several emerging applications for which more and additional types of stream data likely will be needed, including applications related to stream and watershed restoration and water quality load assessment. However, in general, it is not possible to anticipate many of the future needs of the streamflow gaging program. More often than not, emerging issues will need to use streamflow data far before there is sufficient time to collect data for that specific use. The only way to have adequate data when these needs arise is to maintain a base network at locations that are representative of the streams of Illinois, such that these long-term data are available to meet a broad range of potential needs. This base network of gaging stations also is needed to provide general streamflow information for ungaged streams throughout Illinois. There are thousands of streams in Illinois, whereas the network currently includes roughly 160 continuous-streamflow gages on fewer than 110 of these streams. For other streams, flow characteristics must be estimated from the available gaging records using regional hydrologic principles. Various methods are available to evaluate the effectiveness of specific gaging records for use in this regional transfer of information. This report includes several descriptive measures of the regional value of gage information and also summarizes a numerical evaluation based on information transfer theory. No single approach can effectively describe the broad range of considerations needed to evaluate the regional value of gages. However, it is clear that applications in regional hydrology will need additional data beyond those which are currently supported by the network. Specifically, the base network is noticeably lacking data from small watersheds in rural Illinois. In addition, several hydrologic regions in Illinois have a limited number of gages for use in regional analysis. Two questionnaires were developed to ascertain the importance and uses of the data from the streamflow gaging network. The first questionnaire was distributed to all agencies that provide cooperative funding to the network. The second questionnaire was developed on an Internet Web site to be accessed and filled out by all interested users of Illinois streamflow data. In both questionnaires, the respondents were asked to identify: 1) the types of data that they most frequently use and/or are most critical for their needs; 2) categories of data applications and their relative importance; and 3) the importance of specific gages for their applications. The report provides a ranking of the relative importance of individual gages based on the responses from the questionnaires. The users indicate that river forecasting/flood warning is the overall most important category of application of streamflow data, followed by long-term flow statistics for analyzing hydrologic trends and determining human impacts to streams. However, the majority of users are more likely to use streamflow data for individual project needs such as those related to hydrologic-hydraulic modeling and design, and biological and conservation assessment. Analysis of gaging records indicates that streamflow conditions are not stationary, and vary not only from year to year but also from decade to decade as influenced by climate variability and other factors. More than half of the long-term flow records in rural areas show statistically significant increases in average and low-flow conditions that appear to occur as a result of climate variability. Statewide, over the past 25 years, there has also been an average increase of 18 percent in the estimates of the 100-year flood peak discharge as represented by long-term records. With the decline in the number of crest-stage peak-flow gages and small watershed gages, many of the records available for certain types of hydrologic analysis are older, discontinued gaging records that may not accurately represent the expected present-day, long-term hydrologic conditions. Shorter gaging records, regardless of period of record, also may not fully represent the expected long-term conditions. There is a need for analytical techniques to assess inherent differences in streamflow records and characteristics such as flood frequency that are caused by climatic variability and other factors. The network appears to be meeting most traditional current-use needs. However, there is a need to reinforce the base network, specifically regarding data for relatively small rural watersheds that are needed to address various emerging issues, long-term regional assessment, and peak flood estimation. The size of the overall network would have to be increased an additional 15-20 percent to more effectively address data needs related to small to medium-sized rural watersheds. Also, there is a growing need for new types of stream data to address specific biological and conservation issues such as stream and watershed restoration. This report only addresses streamgaging issues related to flow quantity, and thus there are no conclusions or recommendations related to water quality, precipitation, or other types of hydrologic data. Funding for the Illinois Streamflow Gaging Network is subject to uncertainties, and this is especially the case regarding potential growth or changes to the network. The National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP), initiated by the USGS in 1999, proposed that the USGS eventually would assume the costs of gages that directly meet specific federal interests. However, it is uncertain whether this or other initiatives from traditional funding sources will produce a prominent change in the size and character of the network. More likely, gaging needs for emerging issues will need to be funded from new sources currently not participating in the network. By its nature, it is essential that the base network be funded mainly through state or federal agencies with a long-term commitment to the streamflow gaging program.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-2003-05
		ISL ID:	000000000872 Original UID: 999999994401 FIRST WORD: Evaluation

227:		Title:	Evaluation of the accuracy of radar precipitation for use in flow forecasting for the Fox Chain of Lakes.
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This study evaluated the use of radar-derived daily precipitation values for estimating watershed precipitation in the Fox River watershed in northeastern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin, and for the potential use in preparing real-time streamflow forecasts for the Fox River. Two types of radar-derived precipitation estimates based on data from the National Weather Service (NWS) WSR-88D radar network were evaluated. These estimates were developed using a 4-km grid resolution and computed using: 1) radar data alone and 2) composite or multi-sensor precipitation estimate based on radar data and real-time hourly precipitation gage observations. These gridded precipitation estimates were obtained from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and were compared to point measurements of daily precipitation from precipitation gages in the vicinity of the Fox River watershed for the period February 2002-September 2004. Multi-sensor precipitation estimates were found to be a considerable improvement over the gridded radar estimates during all seasons. In comparison to the daily gage data, however, the multi-sensor precipitation estimates were on average 25 percent lower throughout the year. Multi-sensor daily precipitation estimates from four storm periods were input to the Fox River Forecast Model to evaluate their potential application in hydrologic forecasting. Only one storm event produced flooding conditions on the Fox River in the period for which radar data was available. The remaining three storm events analyzed in this report produced only moderately high flows. Simulated flow forecasts using the multi-sensor precipitation values were less accurate than companion forecasts using observed data from precipitation gages. Based on the limited number and size of storm events available for simulation, this study was unable to conclude whether or not the multi-sensor precipitation values would be useful for forecasting floods. Until more comparisons can be conducted using data from future major flood events, flow forecasts for the Fox River should continue to be developed using near real-time data from precipitation gages. The present tendency of the multi-sensor precipitation data to underestimate rainfall amounts also makes their use generally inappropriate for longer term hydrologic simulations.
		Date Created:	5 30 2006
		Agency ID:	CR-2006-05
		ISL ID:	000000000906 Original UID: 999999994481 FIRST WORD: Evaluation

228:		Title:	Evaluation of the potential for photovoltaic power generation in Illinois
		Volume/Number:	2006
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Solar power production was estimated from hourly solar insolation data collected at 19 sites across Illinois from 1991-2004 by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS). Values were compared with more limited, experimental data and a solar radiation model reported in the literature. All prior data sources are in good agreement with the ISWS values with discrepancies noted. Based on analyses of the current Illinois data, an estimate was made of potential power production from small to medium-sized photovoltaic modules and systems in Illinois. ISWS insolation data were converted from observed values using flat-plate pyramometers oriented horizontally, to expected values from south-facing sensors tilted from horizontal by the latitude of each station, a typical orientation of photovoltaic systems. Champaign, Illinois, centrally located in the state, was chosen as a hypothetical solar power array site. A large operational array in Arizona was used as a model of photovoltaic system performance. Expected differences in power production due to technologies chosen for the hypothetical array and climatological conditions in Illinois as compared to the model array were considered. The use of concentrated solar collectors was not explored. The expected power output based on two array designs was calculated to be 134-180 kilowatt hours per square meter of array per year. Considering the unsubsidized cost of a photovoltaic array necessary to provide power for an individual dwelling, the system cannot expect to match grid power on a cost basis at this time. However, the comparison becomes more favorable in relatively remote locations where transmission lines for grid connection must be established. That is, photovoltaics may be cost effective for small remote applications such as powering billboards, but generally not for homes or businesses. Cost effectiveness of photovoltaics increases significantly when major subsidies and economy-of-scale discounts in both module and balance-of-system costs are available to reduce the initial system price and with designs of large-scale array systems. Photovoltaics also may be worth considering to offset the most expensive power produced by utilities, peak power, and for distributed power generation providing grid support.
		Date Created:	8 17 2006
		Agency ID:	IEM-2006-05
		ISL ID:	000000000946 Original UID: 999999994488 FIRST WORD: Evaluation

229:		Title:	Feasibility of forecasting surface ozone concentrations in the Chicago area
		Volume/Number:	2003
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Episodic controls on sources of ozone precursor gases have been suggested as an alternative to continuous controls as a strategy for reducing ozone concentrations to meet current air quality standards. To show the feasibility of episodic controls to meet ozone air quality standards, it is first necessary to show that it is feasible to forecast surface ozone concentrations with sufficient accuracy and sufficient lead time that episodic controls can be instituted. This study examined the feasibility of a statistical forecast of surface ozone concentrations in the Chicago area (Lake, Cook, and DuPage Counties), based on current concentrations and current and expected weather conditions. Forecast methods were developed using historical data on surface ozone concentrations and meteorological variables measured from 1990-1995. Overall, the study included: andlt;ULandgt; andlt;LIandgt;An extensive literature review and summary. andlt;LIandgt;Documentation of forecast methods used to call Ozone Action Days. andlt;LIandgt;Analysis of Ozone Action Days called in 1995-1997. andlt;LIandgt;Creation of air quality and meteorological databases. andlt;LIandgt;Examination of bivariate relationships between ozone and meteorological variables, including back trajectories on days with high ozone concentrations. andlt;LIandgt;Development of four forecasting approaches involving regression equations and two methods of adjusting or enhancing the results of the regression equations. andlt;LIandgt;Analyses of forecasts based on the four approaches.andlt;/LIandgt;andlt;/ULandgt;
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-2003-07
		ISL ID:	000000000882 Original UID: 999999994354 FIRST WORD: Feasibility

230:		Title:	Flood protection and management for the Lower Illinois River system, Phase III : real-time simulation of floods with managed LDD storage options
		Volume/Number:	2003
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This report documents the structure and the use of an improved version of the Windows-based interface of the unsteady flow model, UNET. This interface was developed by the Illinois State Water Survey for the Office of Water Resources, Illinois Department of Natural Resources. The current version of the interface program can download historic, real-time, and forecasted stage and flow data from U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and National Weather Service Web sites interactively. These data can be used to update an existing Data Storage System (DSS) database or to create new ones. The interface allows the user to create or update gaging station information in a Microsoft Access database. The user can create project files to run the UNET model for historic, design, real-time, and forecasted flood events. The graphing function allows plotting of single and multiple hydrographs, or stage profiles of a single reach and multiple reaches. The utility tools include screen captures, document editing, and DSS file editing. This interface program uses the original UNET generic geometry and boundary condition files to maintain the same level of accuracy as the UNET model, but it also allows the user to change some of the parameters, such as, the simulation time interval, time windows, and numerical Corant number, and etc., in the BC file. Real-time simulation of a flood event simulates flood stage profiles using real-time stage and flow data downloaded from related Web sites. Locations and magnitudes of levee overtopping will be displayed for the lower Illinois River should these occur. The interface program lets the user modify parameters to simulate simple levee failure or two types of complicated embankment failures, overtopping and piping. Simulations also can be performed using the modified levee information, such as breaches or revised crest elevations. The change of water surface elevation induced by modifying levees can be compared with another simulation graphically and also in table format. Stage profiles from all simulations can be plotted together with levee heights on both sides of the channel along the Lower Illinois River to visually show the impacts of particular floods.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-2003-03
		ISL ID:	000000000880 Original UID: 999999994352 FIRST WORD: Flood

231:		Title:	Fox Chain of Lakes investigation and water quality management plan
		Volume/Number:	1977
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This report is a cooperative project of the Illinois State Water Survey and StateGeological Survey. Part 1, prepared by the Geological Survey, discusses the geologic history and character of bottom sediments. Parts 2 and 3 were prepared by the Water Survey. Part 2 presents the hydraulic and hydrologic conditions of the Chain. Part 3 discusses the water quality and sources of nutrients and the living organisms. Part 3 also evaluates remedial measures found effective in other locations and proposes a reliable water managementprogram.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	COOP-5
		ISL ID:	000000000768 Original UID: 999999993852 FIRST WORD: Fox

232:		Title:	Fox River streamflow assessment model: 1999 update to the hydrologic analysis
		Volume/Number:	1999
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	The Illinois Streamflow Assessment Model (ILSAM) was developed to provideneeded streamflow information to watershed managers and planners. This specialized software program was developed for use on a personal computer to provide estimates of the long-term expected magnitude of streamflow at various frequencies for any stream location along a major stream in a watershed.The purpose of this study was to update ILSAM for the Fox River Basin, a modeloriginally developed in 1988. Over time, climate variability and changes in humanfactors, such as land and water use, and water resource projects, can greatly affect the quantity and distribution (both in space and time) of surface waters in a river basin. For this reason, the data sets used by ILSAM were designed to be updated periodically, perhaps every 5 to 15 years. The frequency of and need for updates are governed by the rate at which streamflow conditions in the watershed change over time. The model update for the Fox River Basin addresses four areas that influence the flow frequencies and their estimation:- Increases in population, overall water use, and the resulting effluent discharges.- A new public water supply withdrawal from the Fox River and increases inmagnitude of existing withdrawals.- General increases in streamflow magnitude caused by climatic variability and the overall increase in average precipitation.- Adoption of improved regional equations from which to estimate flow at ungaged s i t e s .
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-649
		ISL ID:	000000000801 Original UID: 999999994055 FIRST WORD: Fox

233:		Title:	Frequency distributions of heavy rainstorms in Illinois
		Volume/Number:	1989
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	This publication represents a condensed version of an extensive report on the distributions of heavy rainstorms in Illinois, based on data for 61 precipitation stations operated during 1901-1983. Shown are annual frequency distributions of point rainfall for periods ranging from 5 minutes to 10 days and for recurrence intervals varying from 2 months to 100 years. Results are presented in two forms: mean relations for ten regions of approximately homogeneous precipitation climate, and statewide isohyetal maps based on the 61-station data The report also discusses the results of a special investigation pertaining to Chicago and the surrounding six counties subject to urban influences on the precipitation distribution. The final section of the report provides information on the urban influences on the two Illinois counties adjacent to St. Louis.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	C-172
		ISL ID:	000000000762 Original UID: 999999993832 FIRST WORD: Frequency

234:		Title:	Geology, hydrology, and water quality of the Cambrian and Ordovician systems in northern Illinois
		Volume/Number:	1985
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Cambrian and Ordovician strata provide much of the groundwater supplyfor approximately 250 municipalities and 150 industries in the northern halfof Illinois. This report represents the cooperative effort of the IllinoisState Water Survey, Illinois State Geological Survey, and U.S. GeologicalSurvey to provide a current hydrogeologic evaluation of this water resource.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	COOP-10
		ISL ID:	000000000796 Original UID: 999999993857 FIRST WORD: Geology,

235:		Title:	Ground-water investigation for the University of Illinois
		Volume/Number:	1999
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	In 1997, the Illinois State Water Survey, at the request of the University of Illinois, initiated a test drilling project that included the construction of several 2-inch diameter observation wells at two sites on the Urbana-Champaign campus. The project concentrated on two areas in which cooling water was needed by the University the North Chiller Plant and the Abbott Power Plant. The purpose of the project was to determine whether sufficient ground-water resources could be located from which to develop a water supply. Exploration at both sites focused on sand-and-gravel materials within the Glasford Formation of Illinoian Age. The main area of interest was the North Chiller Plant at the intersection of Clark and Mathews Streets in Urbana, located in the SE of Section 7, T.19N, R.9E. (Urbana Township), Champaign County. If warranted by test drilling results, a seven-day aquifer test was proposed at the site to investigate the potential of pumping approximately 500 gallons per minute (gpm) from production wells. An area of secondary interest was the Abbott Power Plant between Armory and Gregory Streets and just east of the Illinois Central railroad tracks, located in Section 13, T.19N., R.8E. (Champaign Township). Testing at the Abbott site, if warranted, would examine the feasibility of developing 200 gpm from production wells. Exploratory test drilling at both sites, along with additional information from earlier reports and data on file, led to the following conclusions. The Glasford aquifer is present at most sites across the University of Illinois campus, although it varies considerably in both thickness and texture. The texture of the deposit appears to be finer in test holes south of Green Street. The top of the Glasford sand, near University Avenue, commonly occurs at elevations of 615 to 620 feet. However, the top of the sand at the Abbott Power Plant occurs much lower; the top of the aquifer occurs at about 595 feet. The bottom of the sand is more uniform and occurs at both plants at an elevation of approximately 565 feet. A shallower sand occurs at an elevation of about 640 feet, that is not considered part of the Glasford aquifer. It appears oxidized and occurs just below a very dark brown zone, presumably the Robein Silt. The depth to water in study wells finished in the Glasford aquifer is about 115 feet. Ground-water levels in the Glasford aquifer have a natural fluctuation of about 1 to 2 feet in the test holes. Water levels at the North Chiller Plant did not appear to have been affected significantly by water withdrawals at the Northern Illinois Water Corporation East Well Field. Levels were observed to be similar to levels reported in the 1930s. Water in the Glasford aquifer tends to be alkaline, very hard, high in iron concentration, and at a nearly constant temperature of about 57 degrees F. Although there had been some concern about potential contamination of the Glasford aquifer from fuel spills at the Abbott Power Plant, no contamination was evident in samples taken from test wells constructed for this project. Despite their relative proximity to the former locations of University Wells 10 and 11, no test holes drilled near the North Chiller Plant and Beckman Institute indicated a sufficient thickness of suitable sand material in the Glasford aquifer to warrant construction of a test well to conduct an aquifer test at the desired rate of 500 gpm. Test drilling at the Abbott Power Plant indicated a sufficient thickness of Glasford aquifer present to warrant an aquifer test at perhaps 100 gpm. Accordingly, well designs are recommended for the construction of two test wells or production wells at that site, which might be capable of producing the desired quantity of 200 gpm.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	CR-636
		ISL ID:	000000000798 Original UID: 999999994043 FIRST WORD: Ground

236:		Title:	Ground-water levels in Illinois through 1961
		Volume/Number:	1963
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Systematic measurements of ground-water levels in Illinois were started in the early 1930s in the Chicago region. Measurements were made in 1961 in 220 observation wells in 42 counties throughout the state. In areas remote from pumping centers, no long-term continuing trends of general rise or decline of the water table are discernible. A large part of central and southern Illinois experienced a severe drought beginning early in 1952 and ending in most areas during the spring of 1955. As a result, ground-water levels declined to record-low stages especially in the southern one-half of Illinois. However, large quantities of ground water taken from storage within the ground-water reservoir were replenished during succeeding years as precipitation increased. In heavily pumped areas, changes in water levels caused by pumping are superimposed on seasonal and secular fluctuations due to natural phenomena.In some instances large developments of ground water have caused pronounced and serious declines of water levels. There are many areas of ground-water development where serious water-level declines have not occurred.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	RI-45
		ISL ID:	000000000928 Original UID: 999999993909 FIRST WORD: Ground

237:		Title:	Ground-water quantity laws and management
		Volume/Number:	1991
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	In the last decade, Illinois has seen many changed attitudes and laws governing the use and withdrawal of ground water. Almost certainly, the next decade will see continued change as the legal structure is adapted to increasing demand for ground water and to the resultant and growing pressures on our ground-water resources. This report summarizes groundwater quantity laws and management programs in Illinois and a number of other states. It compares the present system in Illinois with those in other states and lists recommendations for improvements in Illinois laws.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	RI-114
		ISL ID:	000000000937 Original UID: 999999993977 FIRST WORD: Ground

238:		Title:	Ground-water recharge and runoff in Illinois
		Volume/Number:	1965
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Recharge conditions in several areas of northeastern Illinois are described, and recharge rates for several aquifers in central and southern Illinois are given. Recharge rates to deeply buried bedrock and sand-and-gravel aquifers vary from 1300 to 500,000 gallons per day per square mile (gpd/sq mi). The lowest rate is for an area where the Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer is overlain by the Maquoketa Formation consisting mostly of shale; the highest rate is for an area where a sand-and-gravel aquifer is overlain by permeable coarse-grained deposits. Groundwater recharge generally is at a maximum during wet spring months; in many years there is little recharge during the five-month period July through November. The theoretical aspects of recharge from precipitation are discussed; recharge rates vary with the coefficient of vertical permeability, the vertical head loss associated with recharge, and the saturated thickness of deposits through which vertical leakage of water occurs. Recharge rates are not constant but vary in space and time. A summary of coefficients of vertical permeability and leakage of deposits overlying aquifers within the state is presented. Coefficients of vertical permeability of glacial deposits range from 1.60 to 0.01 gallons per day per square foot (gpd/sq ft). The average coefficient of vertical permeability of the Maquoketa Formation is 0.00005 gpd/sq ft. Coefficients of leakage of glacial deposits and bedrock confining beds range from 2.3 x 10-1 to 2.5 x 10-7. Annual ground-water runoff from 109 drainage basins scattered throughout Illinois is estimated with streamflow hydrograph separation methods and flow-duration curves. The relations between groundwater runoffs during years of near, below, and above normal precipitation and basin characteristics such as geologic environment, topography, and land use were determined by statistical analysis. Groundwater runoff is greatest from glaciated and unglaciated basins having considerable surface sand and gravel and underlain by permeable bedrock. Groundwater runoff is least from glaciated basins with surface lakebed sediments and underlain by impermeable bedrock. Groundwater runoff during a year of near normal precipitation ranges from 0.06 to 0.43 cubic feet per second per square mile (cfs/sq mi). Groundwater runoff is at a maximum during spring and early summer months, and is least in late summer and fall months. Annual groundwater runoff depends upon antecedent moisture conditions as well as the amount and distribution of annual precipitation. Because many aquifers in Illinois are deeply buried, not all groundwater runoff can be diverted into cones of depression because there is some lateral as well as vertical movement of water in surface deposits. Data on groundwater runoff can be useful in estimating recharge to aquifers and in evaluating the potential yield of groundwater reservoirs. However, studies indicate that no simple relation exists between groundwater runoff and the potential or practical sustained yields of aquifers.
		Date Created:	9 24 2004
		Agency ID:	RI-48
		ISL ID:	000000000930 Original UID: 999999993912 FIRST WORD: Ground

239:		Title:	Groundwater availability in Champaign County
		Volume/Number:	1976
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	An estimated 23.3 million gallons of water is pumped from the aquifers of Champaign County each day to satisfy industrial, municipal, domestic, and rural needs. A much larger quantity of water, perhaps as much as 90 million gallons a day (mgd), could probably be withdrawn without overdevelopment. Maps and tables indicating the probable maximum depths of wells, water levels, chemical quality, and general groundwater conditions for each water-bearing unit at specific locations are presented to serve as a guide in the development and utilization of the groundwater resources of Champaign County.
		Date Created:	5 20 2005
		Agency ID:	C-124
		ISL ID:	000000000742 Original UID: 999999993781 FIRST WORD: Groundwater

240:		Title:	Groundwater conditions of the principal aquifers of Lee, Whiteside, Bureau, and Henry counties, Illinois.
		Volume/Number:	2004
		Issuing Agency:
		Description:	Groundwater Conditions of the Principal Aquifers of Lee, Whiteside, Bureau, and Henry Counties, Illinois by Stephen L. Burch A large supply of groundwater occurs in a buried aquifer lying in the bedrock valley of the ancestral Mississippi River. This deposit, known as the Sankoty sand, supplies many irrigation wells and underlies more than 750 square miles (sq mi). A shallower and less extensive aquifer, the Tampico, occurs near the surface and underlies more than 480 sq mi. This study defines the regional groundwater flow patterns for these two aquifers in northwestern Illinois and reports the results of measuring groundwater levels in observation wells. The Tampico aquifer is separated from the underlying Sankoty aquifer by an intervening layer of clay or clays. Groundwater within the upper unit exists under unconfined conditions (that is, at atmospheric pressure). The saturated sands comprising the Tampico aquifer are typically 30 to 40 feet thick and are tapped by shallow wells or sandpoints. The Sankoty sand is 100 to 150 feet thick and is commonly used in irrigation wells in Illinois. Groundwater within this unit is pressurized and occurs under confined conditions. The pressure head in the aquifer declines from an elevation of about 670 feet near the town of Ohio to less than 570 feet near Albany along the Mississippi River. A steeper gradient occurs as groundwater flows toward a second outlet near Hennepin. As a result, groundwater elevations decline to levels below 450 feet where the aquifer discharges to the Illinois River. Pumpage during the summer months, largely from irrigation wells, causes groundwater levels in the Sankoty aquifer to decline 11 to 13 feet. The area of greatest drawdown extends from Tampico to Walnut, Illinois. Groundwater levels in the Tampico aquifer do not decline as much. A decline of 3 to 3.5 feet is common in the aquifer's water table. Irrigation wells annually withdraw an estimated 21,000 acre-feet of groundwater. Although the Sankoty aquifer is favored for irrigation, the actual distribution percentage for each aquifer is unknown. No significant, regional water-quality problems were detected in samples collected from either aquifer. The groundwater in both aquifers is of a calcium-bicarbonate type. The water is very hard, with an average value of 306 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in the Sankoty aquifer and 329 mg/L in the overlying Tampico aquifer. The quality of samples from the Sankoty aquifer was excellent, although they contained more iron and are more alkaline than samples from the Tampico aquifer. No discernible patterns were observed in the distribution of total dissolved solids (TDS) values for either aquifer. The average TDS value for water samples was 435 mg/L (Tampico aquifer) and 363 mg/L (Sankoty aquifer). Groundwater in the Tampico aquifer was usually of excellent quality, but it sometimes contained nitrates.
		Date Created:	12 8 2004
		Agency ID:	DCS-2004-01
		ISL ID:	000000000905 Original UID: 999999994435 FIRST WORD: Groundwater

Page: Prev ... 11 12 13 14 15 ... Next

Seal of the State of Illinois

Browse by...

Metadata

More Information

E-Mail Us

217-524-6313