Organization | • | Illinois State Water Survey | [X] |
| | 1: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1969 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A detailed climatological study of all severe winter storms occurring in Illinois during the 1900-1960 period has been pursued to obtain extensive information concerning these frequently quite damaging snow and ice storms. This study provides information that enlarges our knowledge of the basic climatological aspects of winter storms, statistics concerning the amount and types of damage they produce, descriptions of the meteorological conditions producing these storms, and data helpful in the design and planning for these events. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | B-53 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000734 Original UID: 999999992053 FIRST WORD: Climatology | |
| 2: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1975 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Essential data on corrosion gathered by the Illinois State Water Survey in isolated or programmed studies, and from experience at state institutions since 1950, are summarized. A brief review of basic fundamentals of corrosion is presented as background for the summaries. Also included are some of the general and specific recommendations concerning inhibitors and construction materials that were developed through laboratory and field evaluations for use by architects, engineers, and institutional maintenance personnel. Appendixes contain a discussion of corrosion in water wells and pumps and two ancillary papers for orientation and recognition of other factors related to distribution system water quality. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-59 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000735 Original UID: 999999992059 FIRST WORD: Corrosion | |
| 3: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1995 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | The objectives of this study were to 1) identify locations along the Fox River wherereductions in the flow rate and/or river water quality are likely to degrade any use of water along the river, 2) assess the prevailing water quality and ecology of a critical reach of the river, e.g., from one dam to the other, and 3) estimate and evaluate water supply and water quality conditions at present and in the future. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-586 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000790 Original UID: 999999992166 FIRST WORD: Considerations | |
| 4: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2000 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Regional Nutrient Criteria Development Program is developing regional-specific criteria for total nitrogen concentrations in surface waters. These criteria will provide the foundation for states to set total nitrogen standards to remedy impairments caused by nutrient overenrichment and to protect designated uses. Reference conditions representing minimally impacted surface waters will be developed for each ecoregion. All nutrient criteria must be based on sound scientific rationale. The first element of a nutrient criterion identified by USEPA is "... historical data and other information to provide an overall perspective on the status of the resource." The second element includes " ... a collective reference condition describing the current status." A further element requires "... attention to downstream consequences." The USEPA recognizes that nutrient concentrations in surface waters are primarily affected by the rate of weathering and erosion from watershed soils. Human activity can affect on the natural load of nutrient inputs to surface waters through, for example, vegetation disturbance of the vegetation, and addition of nutrient-containing material, such as fertilizer. At the heart of the overenrichment problem are the rates of production and decomposition of organic materials, of which nitrogen is a component. This report provides a contribution to the setting of reference/background conditions for Illinois through the evaluation of the current status of water resources against historical conditions, and some attention to downstream consequences. A particular focus of downstream consequences is hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico, allegedly caused by the flux of excess nitrogen from the Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River Basins. The concept of biogeochemical cycling provides an appropriate and necessary framework for understanding landscape influences on water quality throughout the Illinois River Basin. Changes in the Illinois River Valley and its system of tributary streams and lakes are well recognized, but this is the first attempt to assess in some detail how such changes have affected the aquatic carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles; especially the impact of such watershed changes on the nature and quantity of aquatic nitrogen, as well as on the nitrogen cycle within the terrestrial reservoir. This is seen in the accompanying time line of the estimated nitrogen richness of the Illinois landscape. Scientists studying soils and crops from the mid-19th through mid-20th centuries documented that human activities have greatly altered the natural nitrogen cycle. Cultivation of virgin land typically depleted nitrogen and carbon stored in these reservoirs by about 50 percent in the first 60-70 years of cultivation. Some of this nitrogen was transferred to surface waters and ground waters. The depletion of nitrogen from soils in the Mississippi River Basin was so great that crop yields declined throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. By mid-20th century, the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizer, improved plant varieties, and agronomic practices increased crop yields. Nitrogen fertilizer also began to replenish some of the large amounts of nitrogen previously removed from the soil. In the 1970s, profound changes occurred in the perception of the natural nitrogen cycle and human modification of that cycle. The nitrogen cycle, and human impacts on it came to be defined in terms of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and the return of nitrogen gases by nitrification/denitrification. The 99 percent of the nitrogen cycle which was otherwise cycled within and between the large soil, sediment, and plant reservoirs were no longer acknowledged. From this new definition of the nitrogen cycle, it was concluded that human activities, especially fossil-fuel combustion and fertilizer use, had doubled the nitrogen cycle and many lands, including much of Illinois, had become nitrogen saturated. Increasing concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in surface waters were given as evidence of nitrogen saturation and leakage. This new limited edition of the nitrogen cycle became cast in concrete and is referred to in this report as "the new, standing nitrogen-cycle paradigm." This report uses the earlier, scientifically more complete and defensible definition of the nitrogen cycle, which includes recognition of the magnitude and importance of soil-plant reservoirs and exchanges. It uses extensive scientific documentation of major changes in ecosystems and soil nitrogen that have occurred over centuries, to place into perspective the present status of nitrogen resources -- as required by USEPA. This report examines the impact on nitrogen concentrations in surface waters in Illinois during occupation of the land by Native Americans, bison, and many other animals and birds. Theoretical impacts are complemented by written accounts of early settlers and scientific observations made under similar conditions. It is concluded that the landscape and surface waters were more nitrogen saturated at this time than today. These pre-European-settlement conditions were selected as the reference/background conditions. Just prior to and during the period of early European settlement, the populations of Native Americans and bison were eliminated and the landscape became less nitrogen saturated. Nevertheless, even in the 1820s, the Illinois River was hypertrophic, i.e. nutrient overenriched. As late as the 1850s, the amount of eroded soil transported by the Mississippi River was more than twice that transported in recent decades. Since soil erosion is reported to be the major sort of N delivery from agricultural lands, the N load in the Mississippi River was declining. The average annual concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River in 1894-1899 was 3.68 mg N/l, and additional large amounts of nitrogen not measured were stored in plankton and luxuriant aquatic vegetation and transported downstream in copious amounts of organic debris. Allowing for the unmeasured flux of nitrogen as plankton and for low flow, the adjusted average annual concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River in 1894-1899 is estimated to have been about 5.5 mg N/l. This report also examines the impact of European settlement and agriculture on the nitrogen cycle and water quality. Scientific data show that the average concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River increased to about 10 mg N/l by mid-20th century and subsequently decreased to 4.8 mg N/l in the 1990s. The annual concentration of nitrate in the Lower Illinois River peaked at about 6.2 mg N/l in 1967-1971 and subsequently decreased to about 3.8 mg N/l in 1993-1998. These improvements in water quality are associated with an increasing amount of dissolved oxygen in the river. The reductions in the concentrations of all forms of nitrogen are attributable to both point- and nonpoint-source pollution control. The main conclusions of this report are that, in establishing scientifically sound reference/background conditions, it is necessary to quantify in a common unit all forms of nitrogen (in solution, as solids, and as gases; and organic and inorganic forms) and all sources, reservoirs, transformations, and fluxes of nitrogen in a common unit; and to understand interactions between nitrogen and other biogeochemical cycles of, for example, water, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorous. Criteria for setting nitrogen standards must recognize the great complexity of the nitrogen cycle and its interdependence with other variables, cycles, and anthropogenic influences. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2000-08 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000827 Original UID: 999999994193 FIRST WORD: Contribution | |
| 5: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2000 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction methodology, and an analysis of precipitation occurring during Water Year 1999 (October 1998 through September 1999). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 1999 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 1999 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-1998, and 3) the ten-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-1999. Also included are: raingage site description, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2000-07 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000805 Original UID: 999999994112 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| 6: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2001 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction methodology, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2000 (October 1999 through September 2000). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2000 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2000 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-1999, and 3) the 11-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2000. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2001-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000833 Original UID: 999999994313 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| 7: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2003 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction and quality control methodology, a comparison of rainfall amounts obtained via analog chart and data logger, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2002 (October 2001 - September 2002). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2002 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2002 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-2001, and 3) the 13-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2002. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2003-01 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000879 Original UID: 999999994350 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| 8: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2006 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation measurements for use in simulating runoff for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction and quality control methodology, a comparison of rainfall amounts obtained via analog chart and data logger, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2005 (October 2004 - September 2005). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2005 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2005 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-2004, and 3) the 16-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2005. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 3 10 2006 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2006-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000956 Original UID: 999999994477 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| 9: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | This record links to the reports on the dense raingage network, which has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. | | | | Date Created: | | | | | Agency ID: | | | | | ISL ID: | 000000001481 Original UID: NA for serial records FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| 10: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Changes in climate directly affect four areas of major ctivity and concern in Illinois water, energy, agriculture, and transportation. This report presents selected Illinois records for 1901-1980 on a variety of atmospheric conditions that allow assessment of climate fluctuations, climate trends, variability around the trends, and impacts of these changes on the four areas of concern. Documented are changes in statewide and regional precipitation and temperature, plus selected point (station) data. Also presented are changes in other atmospheric conditions including relative humidity, sky cover and sunshine, visibility and related air quality smoke/haze/dust), severe local storms, and wind speed and direction. The historical records are carefully evaluated as to quality. Analyses of the data indicate changes in the more recent 20 years (1961-1980 compared with 1901-1960) to wetter and cooler conditions: more rain and snow and fewer droughts; decreases in temperatures especially in summer and winter, with fewer extremely warm days and many more extremely cold days; increases in cloudiness and decreases in sunshine and clear days especially in summer; and increases in wind speeds with more diverse wind directions. All trends are more marked in the extreme seasons of summer and winter than in the transition seasons of spring and fall, although somewhat warmer springs have produced a slightly longer growing season in the recent period. Mixed regional changes are noted in other atmospheric conditions, and no trend is apparent for relative humidity. | | | | Date Created: | 1984 | | | | Agency ID: | ISWS B 68 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000720 Original UID: 776 FIRST WORD: Climate | |
| 11: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Illinois State Water Survey presents a diagnostic analysis of climate model data examining precipitation, surface air temperature, and related atmospheric features for Illinois and the central United States. | | | | Date Created: | 02 06 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | Contract Report 2004-12. | | | | ISL ID: | 000000001909 Original UID: 1776 FIRST WORD: Climate | |
| 12: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1908 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH. D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey from September 1, 1906 to December 31, 1907, with the request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 6. The report includes a detailed description of the work accomplished during the 16 months ending December 31st, 1907, with a summary, by years, of the analyses made since the foundation of the Survey to that time, and a summary, by months, of the analyses made during the last two years. The new quarters into which the Survey moved during the summer of 1907, are described. The progress of the co-operative work with the State Board of Health, and with the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, the State Geological Survey, and the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey, is reported. There are included the descriptions of several experiments or investigations carried on by the Survey. For these investigations special thanks are due to Mr. J. M. Lindgren for his Experiments in Water Treatment, to Mr. A. W. Sellards for the chapter on Sanitary Chemical Examination of Water Bacteria, to both of these gentlemen and to Professor A. N. Talbot, Professor H. S. Grindley, Mr. R. H. Slocum and the Corn Products Refining Company, for assistance and co-operation in the study of Trade Wastes at Waukegan; and to Dr. W. G. Bain for the description of the stand for fermentation tubes. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-6 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000725 Original UID: 999999992006 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 13: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1909 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Edmund Janes James, Ph. D., LL. D., President University of Illinois: SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey for the year ending December 31, 1908, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 7. The report includes a brief description of the work done during the year ending December 31, 1908, with a summary, by years, of analyses made since the foundation of the Survey and a summary; by months, of analyses made during the year. There is also included in the report an article describing the scientific work done at the laboratories of the State Water Survey in the investigation of methods of analysis. A description is given of difficulties experienced with incrustation in the discharge pipe at the filtration plant at Quincy, Illinois. Investigations of farm water supplies in several parts of the State are described. An article entitled 'Hardness of Illinois Municipal Water Supplies' shows the character of the mineral matter contained in the various municipal water supplies. Our latest conclusions concerning the methods of 'Interpretation of Results' are included and there is also a chapter giving data concerning municipal water supplies which has been collected since the publication of Bulletin No. 5. Special thanks are due to the regular laboratory staff for their assistance in this work, to Mr. J. S. Rogers for the article on 'Determination of Nitrates in Drinking Water,' to Dr. A. W. Sellards for the article on 'Current Methods of Sanitary Water Analysis,' to Mr. W. R. Gelston, Superintendent Quincy Water Works, for the description of the methods of removing incrustation from the water main at Quincy, and to Miss Mabel Bush for the compilation of the data concerning municipal water supplies. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-7 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000726 Original UID: 999999992007 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 14: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1912 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey for two years ending December 31, 1911, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 9. The report contains a statement concerning the expansion of the Survey during the latter half of the year, made possible by increased appropriations, a summary showing the analytical work done in each year since the foundation of the Survey, and a summary showing the analytical work done in each month during 1911, and a brief review of work being done with reference to the quality of water in the state by other organizations. Abstracts of reports of the engineering division are given. There are several special articles which describe the expermental work and investigations carried on during the year. Thanks are due to the regular laboratory staff for their interest in the work of the Survey and to Prof. A. N. Talbot, Dr. R. H. Jesse, Mr. C. E. Millar, M. S., and Mr. B. H. Harrison, B.S., for assistance rendered in the preparation of special articles, and to Messrs. Alvord and Burdick for permission to publish the report on the pollution of Fox River at Geneva. Credit is given in appropriate places for the part each has taken. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-9 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000727 Original UID: 999999992009 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 15: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1913 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey for the year ending December 31, 1912, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 10. The report contains a summary of the work done by the laboratory and engineering divisions in accordance with the laws creating the State Water Survey and imposing upon it new and additional duties. (Laws of Illinois, 40th General Assembly 1897, 12; 47th General Assembly, 1911, 43. Bulletin University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series, 9, 7-8.) The report covers the first full year with the increased appropriation allowed by the 47th General Assembly. The special report by the engineering division shows the additional work accomplished and also confirms our belief that there would be a demand for the services of our engineering division. Several other organizations whose work is related in some way to the work of the State Water Survey is briefly summarized in the report. There are several articles that describe special experimental work and special investigations. Many cities have been visited during the year. The purpose of each visit, the observations made, and the recommendations, if any, are given. Thanks are due to the regular staff for their interest in the work of the Survey and to Dr. L. L. Burgess, Mr. O. Kamm, Mr. H. L. Olin, and Mr. C. H. Spaulding, for assistance rendered in the preparation of special articles. Credit is given in appropriate places for the part each has taken. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-10 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000731 Original UID: 999999992010 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 16: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1914 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey for the year ending December 31, 1913, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 11. The report contains an account of the work done by the Water Survey in accordance with the laws (Laws of Illinois, 40th General Assembly 1897, 12; 47th General Assembly, 1911, 43. Bulletin University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series, 9, 7-8). The General Report gives a summary of the chemical, biological and engineering work done and an account of the special investigations made during the year. Some interesting and valuable scientific investigations have been carried on by both the chemists and engineers. Advice relative to public water supplies has been given a large number of cities and plans for all new projects have been reviewed and reported upon. Extensive sanitary surveys of watersheds have been made which are proving of much value to cities facing the problem of sewage treatment. This work should be continued to cover all the watersheds of the state. During the year a co-operative arrangement has been perfected with the Rivers and Lakes Commission which increases the effectiveness of the Survey's work along the lines of stream cleaning. Thorough investigations have been made of several typhoid fever epidemics, suspected of being water borne. The most important of Health. During the Ohio River floods of April, the Survey was able to render valuable service in protecting water supplies and establishing sanitary conditions. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-11 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000732 Original UID: 999999992011 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 17: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1903 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the Chemical Survey of the Water Supplies of Illinois, covering the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive. As was stated in my preliminary report, published in 1897, portions of which are incorporated in the present report, the aims of the survey include the determination of the present sanitary condition of the water supplies drawn from the lakes, the streams, and the wells of the State; the determination of the normal condition of uncontaminated waters; the formulation of local standards of purity based upon the results of analyses of water derived from unpolluted sources; the provision of such means as shall afford to citizens of the State opportunity to obtain immediate information regarding the wholesomeness of the potable waters in which they are directly interested; and in general the prevention of the development and dissemination of disease from the use of impure water. The press of work in certain of these directions has been so great that comparatively little has been accomplished in others, and a mass of data concerning the normal condition of ground waters must be left for digestion and discussion at some future time. The present report may be broadly divided into three parts, namely: 1. A brief consideration of the sanitary condition of the ordinary ground waters and matters relating thereto. Accompanying this there is a paper upon 'The Geology of Illinois as Related to Water Supplies,' by Charles W. Rolfe, Professor of Geology in the University. 2. Results of the mineral analysis of some four hundred and sixty samples of water mainly from wells of considerable depth. 3. A report of the investigation of the surface waters of the State, relating chiefly to the Illinois River and some of its tributaries. Most of the routine work of these investigations has been conducted by Mr. C. V. Millar, M. S., and Mr. R. W. Stark, B. S., to whom special commendation is due for the continued interest, the skill and the unfailing zeal with which they have furthered the purposes of the Survey. At various times we have further been ably assisted by Mr. F. C. Koch, M. S.; Mr. E. P. Walters, B. S.; Mr. A. D. Emmett, B. S.; and Mr. A. L. Marsh. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR W. PALMER, Sc . D., Professor of Chemistry. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-2 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000736 Original UID: 999999993677 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| 18: | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | These are reports of the scientific survey and analysis of Illinois water resources. | | | | Date Created: | | | | | Agency ID: | | | | | ISL ID: | 000000001482 Original UID: NA for serial records FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
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